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Alexander Just
Alexander Friedrich Just (12 April 1874 in Bremen – 30 May 1937 in Budapest)〔http://theop11.chem.elte.hu/main_index_files/2012_BabayTanariSzakdolgozat.pdf〕 was a German/Hungarian chemist and inventor. Later, in Hungary he used the name ''Just Sándor Frigyes''.
In 1904 with Croatian Franjo Hannaman he was the first to develop and patent an electric bulb with a Tungsten filament, made by extruding a paste of tungsten powder and a carbonaceous binder, to produce a fine thread, then removing the carbon by heating in an atmosphere of hydrogen and water vapor.〔() Coolidge, W.D.., "Metallic tungsten and some of its applications," Transaction of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Vol. XXXI, Part 1. June 25, 1912. Pages 1219-1228. Retrieved December 14, 2011〕 It received a Hungarian patent in 1904 and later US Patent 1,018,502. In 1905, Just and Hanaman patented a process for producing tungsten filaments by plating carbon filaments with tungsten, then removing the carbon by heating.〔Hirst, H. "Recent progress in tungsten metallic filament lamps," The Electrical Journal, Volume LXI, May 22, 1908, pages 215-216. Retrieved December 14, 2011〕 These early tungsten lamps was more efficient than a carbon filament lamp, because it could operate at a high temperature, due to the high melting point of tungsten, but because the tungsten was not ductile, it was so brittle as to be of limited practical use.〔Day, Lance and McNeil, Ian "Biographical dictionary of the history of technology," Routledge, 1996. Cited edition is Taylor & Francis eBook, 2005, page 290. ISBN 978-0-203-20131-2. Retrieved December 14, 2011.〕 It was supplanted by the drawn tungsten filament lamp, developed in 1910 by William David Coolidge.
== References ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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